Hey Future You
Aug 31, 2025
This guide explains what the ATAR is, how it’s calculated, why it matters (and why it sometimes doesn’t), and what options exist beyond it.
If you’re in Year 12, or the parent of someone who is, you’ve probably heard a lot about the ATAR. It’s one of the most talked-about numbers in a student’s final year of school, but it’s also one of the most misunderstood. This guide explains what the ATAR is, how it’s calculated, why it matters (and why it sometimes doesn’t), and what options exist beyond it.
What is the ATAR?
The Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) is a number between 0.00 and 99.95 that shows a student’s position compared to the rest of their age group. An ATAR of 80, for example, means a student is ranked in the top 20% of their Year 7 age cohort, even if not all those students sat the HSC.
It’s important to note: the ATAR is a rank, not a score. It doesn’t tell you how well you did in your subjects, just where you sit compared to others.
How is the ATAR Calculated?
The process is complex, but here’s the simplified version:
HSC marks – Students receive raw marks in their subjects.
Moderation – School-based marks are adjusted against exam marks to make comparisons fair across schools.
Scaling – UAC (Universities Admissions Centre) scales results to account for the strength of each subject cohort. For example, Extension Maths may scale differently to Standard Maths because of the different level of competition.
Aggregate score – The best 10 units of study (including at least 2 units of English) are added together.
ATAR rank – Students are then placed in order, and the ATAR is assigned as a percentile rank.
This scaling process often confuses families. It doesn’t mean some subjects are “better” than others, it just ensures fairness when comparing students who have taken different subject mixes.
Why Does the ATAR Matter?
For most students, the ATAR is the main way universities decide who gets offered a place in a degree. Each course sets a selection rank, which is usually based on ATAR plus any adjustment factors (such as bonus points for high performance in certain subjects, regional location, or equity considerations).
However, the ATAR is not the only way in. Universities increasingly offer early entry schemes, portfolio entry, auditions, interviews, and pathway programs. In fact, around half of university offers in NSW are made on criteria other than the ATAR.
Common Myths
“The ATAR measures intelligence.”
Not true. It measures relative performance in a particular set of exams and assessments, not overall ability, creativity, or potential.
“Some subjects are a waste because they scale down.”
Also not true. Choosing subjects you enjoy and can do well in usually leads to a better outcome than chasing scaling advantages.
“ATAR is the only way into university.”
No. There are multiple alternative pathways, from diplomas and bridging courses to vocational routes.
How Universities Use It
Cut-off numbers: The published ATAR cut-off for a course isn’t a “pass mark”—it’s the selection rank of the last student who received an offer the previous year.
Adjustment factors: Many universities add points to your ATAR for things like strong performance in key subjects, being from a rural area, or applying for equity consideration.
Pathway programs: Diplomas, TAFE qualifications, and foundation studies can all provide entry into degrees if a student’s ATAR isn’t high enough.
Criticisms of the ATAR
Some educators and researchers argue the ATAR is too narrow, over-emphasises exam performance, and adds unnecessary stress. Reports show it doesn’t always predict long-term success at university or in careers.
That’s why there’s been a growth in early entry programs, vocational pathways, and broader measures of student potential.
Alternatives and Pathways
If the ATAR doesn’t go your way, you still have options:
Diplomas/TAFE: Many diplomas can articulate into university degrees.
Pathway programs: Foundation or bridging courses offered by universities.
Portfolio entry: Particularly for creative degrees.
Work + return later: Some students step into the workforce, then study later with mature-age or alternative entry.
The key message: ATAR opens one door, but it’s not the only one.
Key Takeaways for Students
Focus on doing your best in subjects you enjoy and are motivated to study.
Don’t obsess over scaling—it’s built to make comparisons fair.
Remember there are many ways to reach your goals, even if your ATAR isn’t what you hoped.
Key Takeaways for Parents
Support your child in balancing study with wellbeing—the ATAR is important, but it isn’t everything.
Be aware of early entry and alternative pathway options—many students get offers before final exams.
Encourage open conversations about backup plans so your child feels secure no matter what happens.
Final Word
The ATAR is one piece of the post-school puzzle. It can be an important stepping stone to university, but it doesn’t define your child’s future. With the right advice, a clear plan, and an open mind about pathways, every student can find a direction that works for them.